Industrial Revolution
Industrial – Anything having to do with the business of manufacturing (making) products.
Revolution – A dramatic change in ideas or practice
Industrial Revolution – A dramatic change in the practice of manufacturing products
The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in human history; almost every aspect of daily life was eventually influenced in some way. The Industrial Revolution began in England in the early 1800’s, but then spread to America – beginning in New England. Samuel Slater copied Richard Arkwright’s designs for spinning cotton threads before coming to America and opening his own mill.
Positives from the Industrial Revolution – new technology, urbanization, factories, steam power, the cotton gin
Negatives from the Industrial Revolution – child labor, low wages, the first urban slums, pollution, disease
Vocabulary
Capitalism – when people put their money (capital) in a business in hopes of making a profit.
Free Enterprise – people are free to buy, sell and produce whatever they want
Patent – gives an inventor the sole legal right to an invention and its profits for a certain period of time
Factory System – a system bringing manufacturing steps together in one place to increase efficiency
Interchangeable Parts – identical machine parts that could quickly be put together to make a complete product
Urbanization – the growing number of people in a society living in urban areas, or cities
Foreign Policy from 1789-1823
George Washington (First President: 1789-1797) In his Farewell Address, Washington warned against “getting mixed up foreign affairs.” He kept the country neutral in the years following the American Revolution.
John Adams (Second President: 1798-1801)
Kept the country neutral despite French attacks on U.S. ships, the XYZ Affair and undeclared war with France. His refusal to give into the French earned the U.S. respect, but his refusal to go war probably cost him the presidency.
Thomas Jefferson (Third President: 1801-1809)
Faced a situation similar to Adams as the British and French were still at war. The British began the impressment of American sailors, which would lead to the War of 1812. Instead of declaring war, Jefferson used the Embargo Act against England, which failed.
James Madison (Fourth President: 1809-1817)
Madison led the country through the War of 1812 and held it together once the capital was destroyed. After the impressment of American sailors, he felt war with England was inevitable because of the rising tide of nationalism. He became the 1st US President to ask Congress to declare war.
James Monroe (Fifth President: 1817-1825)
Monroe sought to repair the country’s relations with England while also maintaining America’s neutrality. As further proof he issued the Monroe Doctrine.
Monroe Doctrine (1823) – Monroe stated that while he would not interfere with existing European colonies in North and South America, the U.S. would oppose any new ones. “...are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.” With the Monroe Doctrine in place, the U.S. was on its way to becoming a world power as well as the world’s policeman.
Era of Good Feelings (1816-1824) – A period in U.S. political history in which partisan (political parties) bitterness stopped. It lasted through the administration of U.S. President James Monroe, who deliberately downplayed it. A lot may have been due to the absence of the Federalists.
Missouri Compromise (1820) – The south wanted Missouri, a state from the land acquired in the Louisiana Purchase, to be a slave state while Maine would be free state. The compromise also ensured that no other states acquired from the Louisiana Purchase would be slave states.
Vocabulary Terms
Sectionalism – loyalty one’s region
Internal improvements – federal, state or privately-funded projects such as canals, and roads to develop the nation’s transportation system
State sovereignty – the idea that states have their own power separate from the federal government
No comments:
Post a Comment